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Robert T. Means Jr, MD

Professor of Clinical

Internal Medicine | College of Medicine

Education/Credentials
  • Hematology Fellowship: Vanderbilt University
  • Internal Medicine Residency: Baylor College of Medicine
  • MD: Vanderbilt University
  • BA (magna cum laude): Rice University (Biochemistry)
Board Certifications & Licenses

American Board of Internal Medicine (Hematology) (Certification Date: 1988-11-01)

Specialties

Hematology

Contact Information

Clinical Interests

Hematology

Hematology and Oncology

Sickle Cell Anemia

Cancer

Peer Reviewed Publications

Benson, Ashley E; Lo, Jamie O; Achebe, Maureen O; Aslan, Jorgeane S; Auerbach, Michael; Bannow, Bethany T Samuelson; Boller, Marie J; Deloughery, Thomas G; Dingman, Jacquelin; Van Doren, Layla; Dy, Geolani W; Ford, Patricia A; Freed, Jason A; Georgieff, Michael K; Haley, Kristina M; Han, Chloe I; Lewkowitz, Adam K; Martens, Kylee L; Means, Robert T; Nemeth, Elizabeta; Olson, Sven R; Powers, Jacquelyn M; Prewitt, Kristin C; Richards, Toby; Rockey, Don C; Roeland, Eric J; Ryan, Kimberly S; Al-Samkari, Hanny; Sholzberg, Michelle; Tuuli, Methodius G; Weyand, Angela C; Zeller, Michelle P; Totten, Annette M; Ivlev, Ilya; Shatzel, Joseph J 2025. Management of iron deficiency in children, adults, and pregnant individuals: evidence-based and expert consensus recommendations. The Lancet. Haematology, 12 5, e376-e388

Means, Robert T 2024. New molecular approaches to "the first molecular disease". Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 72 6, 495-496

Means, Robert T; Bi, Caixia; Wong, Edward C C; Bare, Lance A; McPhaul, Michael J 2024. Ferritin reference intervals in a population of working-age adults without anemia. American journal of hematology, 99 10, 2047-2049

Means, Robert T 2023. Pure red cell aplasia: The second hundred years. The American journal of the medical sciences, 366 3, 160-166

Means, Robert T 2023. Ineffective erythropoiesis and osteoporosis in thalassemia: Mechanistic insights? The American journal of the medical sciences, 366 2, 85-86

Al-Samkari, Hanny; Glaspy, John A; Means, Robert T; Chertow, Glenn M; Auerbach, Michael 2022. Risks for Anaphylaxis With Intravenous Iron Formulations. Annals of internal medicine, 175 11, W143

Fatima, Zainab; Reece, Blair R A; Moore, J Suzanne; Means, Robert T 2022. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia After mRNA COVID Vaccine. Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports, 10 , 23247096211073258

Holt, Hannah D; Holt, Matthew F; Means, Robert T 2022. Concurrent pseudothrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia. The American journal of the medical sciences, 364 3, e31-e32

Means, Robert T 2022. New agents for sickle cell disease: patient perceptions of benefit in the real world. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 70 5, 1210-1211

Means, Robert T 2022. Hepcidin, iron, and COVID-19: is there an erythroid connection? Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 70 4, 861-862

Means, Robert T 2022. Yet another amyloidosis. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 70 2, 347

Means, Robert T 2022. Update on pure red cell aplasia: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Clinical advances in hematology & oncology : H&O, 20 1, 18-21

Means, Robert T 2020. Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Implications and Impact in Pregnancy, Fetal Development, and Early Childhood Parameters. Nutrients, 12 2,

Means, Robert T 2020. Lymphoma classification: morphology to molecular. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 68 2, 319-320

McKenzie, Stacey W; Means, Robert T 2019. Blood Cultures and Culture Change. The American journal of the medical sciences, 358 3, 171-172

Means, Robert T 2016. Pure red cell aplasia. Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2016 1, 51-56

Means, Robert T 2016. Pure red cell aplasia. Blood, 128 21, 2504-2509

Means, Robert T 2016. Desiderata: Founders' Medal Award Acceptance. The American journal of the medical sciences, 352 1, 9-10

Means, Robert T 2016. The Greatest Hematologist in the World. The American journal of the medical sciences, 351 3, 323-4

Means, Robert T 2015. ACP Journal Club. Review: I.v. iron does not increase serious adverse events compared with other forms of iron. Annals of internal medicine, 162 10, JC8

Means, Robert T 2015. Hepcidin in differential diagnosis: ready for the clinic? European journal of haematology, 94 1, 2-3

Christopher, K L; Wiggins, A T; Van Meter, E M; Means, R T; Hayslip, J W; Roach, J P 2013. Differences in vitamin D nutritional status between newly diagnosed cancer patients from rural or urban settings in Kentucky. Nutrition and cancer, 65 5, 653-8

Means, Robert T 2013. Iron metabolism: bedside to bench and back. The American journal of the medical sciences, 346 5, 402

Means, Robert T 2013. Anemia of inflammation: clinical insights from mechanisms. [Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology, 54 10, 1596-602

Means, Robert T 2013. Iron deficiency anemia. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 18 5, 305-6

Means, Robert T 2013. Continuing adventures. The American journal of the medical sciences, 346 1, 1-2

Means, Robert T 2013. Hepcidin and iron regulation in health and disease. The American journal of the medical sciences, 345 1, 57-60

Means, Robert T 2011. Free and easy? Red cell distribution width (RDW) and prognosis in cardiac disease. Journal of cardiac failure, 17 4, 299-300

Means, Robert T 2011. It all started in New Orleans: Wintrobe, the hematocrit and the definition of normal. The American journal of the medical sciences, 341 1, 64-5

Wilson, Bethany; Means, Robert T 2011. Acquired factor VIII inhibitor as initial manifestation of collagen vascular disease: response to combination immunosuppression as first-line therapy. The American journal of the medical sciences, 342 1, 70-2

Means, Robert T 2010. JAK2 V617F and the evolving paradigm of polycythemia vera. The Korean journal of hematology, 45 2, 90-4

Means, Robert T; Moliterno, David J; Allison, G Roxanne; Perman, Jay A; Lofgren, Richard P; Karpf, Michael; Debeer, Frederick C 2010. The evolution of a Department of Internal Medicine under an integrated clinical enterprise model: the University of Kentucky experience. Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 85 3, 531-7

Means, Robert T 2009. Higher red blood cell distribution width was associated with increased risk of mortality in adults > or =45 years of age. Evidence-based medicine, 14 5, 151

Means, Robert T 2009. Ironing out complementary medicine. Blood, 113 2, 270-1

Dallalio, Gail; Means, Robert T 2008. Placental growth factor attenuates suppression of erythroid colony formation by interferon. Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 152 5, 233-8

Means, Robert T 2008. JAK2 V617F mutation testing in polycythemia vera: use and impact in an academic practice. The American journal of the medical sciences, 336 4, 327-9

Means, Robert T 2008. Perspective: Osler's 1903 paper on polycythemia vera. The American journal of the medical sciences, 335 6, 418-9

Dallalio, Gail; Brunson, Chris Y; Means, Robert T 2007. Cytokine concentrations in bone marrow of stable sickle cell anemia patients. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 55 2, 69-74

Dallalio, Gail; Law, Erin; Means, Robert T 2006. Hepcidin inhibits in vitro erythroid colony formation at reduced erythropoietin concentrations. Blood, 107 7, 2702-4

Masimasi, Nziavake; Means, Robert T 2005. Elevated troponin levels associated with hemolysis. The American journal of the medical sciences, 330 4, 201-3

Means, Robert T 2004. Hepcidin and anaemia. Blood reviews, 18 4, 219-25

Means, Robert T 2004. Hepcidin and cytokines in anaemia. Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 9 5-6, 357-62

Dallalio, Gail; Fleury, Thomas; Means, Robert T 2003. Serum hepcidin in clinical specimens. British journal of haematology, 122 6, 996-1000

Dallalio, Gail; Means, Robert T 2003. Effects of oxidative stress on human erythroid colony formation: Modulation by gamma-interferon. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 141 6, 395-400

Means, Robert T 2003. Recent developments in the anemia of chronic disease. Current hematology reports, 2 2, 116-21

Van Laer, A; Dallalio, Gail; McKenzie, Stacey W; Means, Robert T 2002. Thioredoxin and protein nitrotyrosine in bone marrow supernatant from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 50 1, 10-8

Pollak, V E; Lorch, J A; Means, R T 2001. Unanticipated favorable effects of correcting iron deficiency in chronic hemodialysis patients. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 49 2, 173-83

Means, R T 2000. The anaemia of infection. Bailliere's best practice & research. Clinical haematology, 13 2, 151-62

Dallalio, G; North, M; McKenzie, S W; Means, R T 1999. Cytokine and cytokine receptor concentrations in bone marrow supernatant from patients with HIV: correlation with hematologic parameters. Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 47 9, 477-83

Dallalio, G; North, M; Worden, B D; Means, R T 1999. Inhibition of human erythroid colony formation by ceramide. Experimental hematology, 27 7, 1133-8

Means, R T 1999. Advances in the anemia of chronic disease. International journal of hematology, 70 1, 7-12

Means, R T 1999. Commentary: an anemia of chronic disease, after all? Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 47 5, 203

Means, R T 1999. Neocytolysis: from outer space to the dialysis unit. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 33 1, 140-1

Means, R T; Allen, J; Sears, D A; Schuster, S J 1999. Serum soluble transferrin receptor and the prediction of marrow aspirate iron results in a heterogeneous group of patients. Clinical and laboratory haematology, 21 3, 161-7

Mendenhall, C L; Finkelman, F; Means, R T; Sherman, K E; Nguyen, V T; Grossman, C E; Morris, S C; Rouster, S; Roselle, G A 1999. Cytokine response to BCG infection in alcohol-fed mice. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 19 1, 57-63

Allen, J; Backstrom, K R; Cooper, J A; Cooper, M C; Detwiler, T C; Essex, D W; Fritz, R P; Means, R T; Meier, P B; Pearlman, S R; Roitman-Johnson, B; Seligman, P A 1998. Measurement of soluble transferrin receptor in serum of healthy adults. Clinical chemistry, 44 1, 35-9

Wani, M A; Means, R T; Lingrel, J B 1998. Loss of LKLF function results in embryonic lethality in mice. Transgenic research, 7 4, 229-38

McKenzie, S W; Means, R T 1997. Extreme hyperferritinemia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus is not a highly specific marker for disseminated histoplasmosis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 24 3, 519-20

Means, R T 1997. Cytokines and anaemia in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Cytokines, cellular & molecular therapy, 3 3, 179-86

North, M; Dallalio, G; Donath, A S; Melink, R; Means, R T 1997. Serum transferrin receptor levels in patients undergoing evaluation of iron stores: correlation with other parameters and observed versus predicted results. Clinical and laboratory haematology, 19 2, 93-7

Dai, W; Pan, H Q; Ouyang, B; Greenberg, J M; Means, R T; Li, B; Cardie, J 1996. Expression of receptor protein tyrosine kinase tif is regulated during leukemia cell differentiation. Leukemia, 10 6, 978-83

Dallalio, G; North, M; Means, R T 1996. Inhibition of marrow CFU-E colony formation from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by beta- and gamma-interferon. American journal of hematology, 53 2, 118-20

McKenzie, S W; Dallalio, G; North, M; Frame, P; Means, R T 1996. Serum chemokine levels in patients with non-progressing HIV infection. AIDS (London, England), 10 9, F29-33

Means, R T; Krantz, S B 1996. Inhibition of human erythroid colony-forming units by interferons alpha and beta: differing mechanisms despite shared receptor. Experimental hematology, 24 2, 204-8

Means, R T; Mendenhall, C L; Worden, B D; Moritz, T E; Chedid, A 1996. Erythropoietin and cytokine levels in the anemia of severe alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 20 2, 355-8

Lee, M H; Means, R T 1995. Extremely elevated serum ferritin levels in a university hospital: associated diseases and clinical significance. The American journal of medicine, 98 6, 566-71

Means, R T 1995. Erythropoietin in the treatment of anemia in chronic infectious, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Current opinion in hematology, 2 3, 210-3

Means, R T 1995. Pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease: a cytokine-mediated anemia. Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 13 1, 32-7

Means, R T 1994. Clinical application of recombinant erythropoietin in the anemia of chronic disease. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, 8 5, 933-44

Means, R T; Krantz, S B; Luna, J; Marsters, S A; Ashkenazi, A 1994. Inhibition of murine erythroid colony formation in vitro by interferon gamma and correction by interferon receptor immunoadhesin. Blood, 83 4, 911-5

Stein, R S; Means, R T; Krantz, S B; Flexner, J M; Greer, J P 1994. Treatment of aplastic anemia with an investigational antilymphocyte serum prepared in rabbits. The American journal of the medical sciences, 308 6, 338-43

Means, R T; Krantz, S B 1993. Inhibition of human erythroid colony-forming units by tumor necrosis factor requires beta interferon. The Journal of clinical investigation, 91 2, 416-9

Dai, C H; Krantz, S B; Dessypris, E N; Means, R T; Horn, S T; Gilbert, H S 1992. Polycythemia vera. II. Hypersensitivity of bone marrow erythroid, granulocyte-macrophage, and megakaryocyte progenitor cells to interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood, 80 4, 891-9

Means, R T; Dessypris, E N; Krantz, S B 1992. Inhibition of human erythroid colony-forming units by interleukin-1 is mediated by gamma interferon. Journal of cellular physiology, 150 1, 59-64

Means, R T; Krantz, S B 1992. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. Blood, 80 7, 1639-47

Means, R T; Sandidge, D R; Rankin, K M; Robichaux, M R 1992. Treatment of phenothiazine-induced agranulocytosis with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. American journal of hematology, 41 4, 296

Cotton, E W; Means, R T; Cline, S M; Krantz, S B 1991. Quantitation of insulin-like growth factor-I binding to highly purified human erythroid colony-forming units. Experimental hematology, 19 4, 278-81

Dai, C H; Krantz, S B; Means, R T; Horn, S T; Gilbert, H S 1991. Polycythemia vera blood burst-forming units-erythroid are hypersensitive to interleukin-3. The Journal of clinical investigation, 87 2, 391-6

Means, R T; Dessypris, E N; Krantz, S B 1991. Treatment of refractory pure red cell aplasia with cyclosporine A: disappearance of IgG inhibitor associated with clinical response. British journal of haematology, 78 1, 114-9

Means, R T; Krantz, S B 1991. Inhibition of human erythroid colony-forming units by gamma interferon can be corrected by recombinant human erythropoietin. Blood, 78 10, 2564-7

Dai, C H; Krantz, S B; Means, R T; Horn, S T; Gilbert, H S 1990. Increased sensitivity of polycythemia vera blood burst-forming units-erythroid to interleukin 3. Transactions of the Association of American Physicians, 103 , 249-57

Means, R T; Dessypris, E N; Krantz, S B 1990. Inhibition of human colony-forming-unit erythroid by tumor necrosis factor requires accessory cells. The Journal of clinical investigation, 86 2, 538-41

Means, R T; Krantz, S B; Sawyer, S T; Gilbert, H S 1989. Erythropoietin receptors in polycythemia vera. The Journal of clinical investigation, 84 4, 1340-4

Means, R T; Olsen, N J; Krantz, S B; Dessypris, E N; Graber, S E; Stone, W J; O'Neil, V L; Pincus, T 1989. Treatment of the anemia of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human erythropoietin: clinical and in vitro studies. Arthritis and rheumatism, 32 5, 638-42

Means, R T; Krantz, S B; Dessypris, E N; Lukens, J N; Niblack, G D; Greer, J P; Flexner, J M; Stein, R S 1988. Re-treatment of aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin or antilymphocyte serum. The American journal of medicine, 84 4, 678-82

Means, R T; McCurley, T L; Flexner, J M; Stein, R S 1988. Plasmacytic neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with long-standing monoclonal gammopathy. Southern medical journal, 81 10, 1331-2